Intrauterine growth retardation is also referenced as small for gestational age (SGA). This occurs when the unborn baby is at or below the 10th weight percentile for his age (in weeks).

Echocardiography used in cardiac catheterization.

A lack of sufficient iodine in the diet, which can lead to inadequate production of thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism) and enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter).

An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, esp. the heart muscles.

A chromosomal disorder that affects males. People with this condition are born with at least one extra X ghromosome.

A food or drug that stimulates evacuation of the bowels. Laxative medications come in various forms. Bulk forming: psyllium (Metamucil), methylcellulose (Citrucel), Polycarbophil (FiberCon): Emollients: Stool softeners: docusate salts (Colace, Surfak), Lubricants: mineral oil: Hyperosmotic agents: glycol (GoLYTELY), sorbitol, glycerin, lactulose (Chronulac): Saline: magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), magnesium hydroxide (MOM), magnesium citrate , sodium phosphate (Fleet Phospho-Soda, Fleet enema) and Stimulants: castor oil (Granulex), senna (Senokot), cascara

An injury or wound.

A fatty substance in the blood.

Transporters of fatty substances in the blood.

A molecule that is a combination of lipid (fat) and protein. Lipoproteins are the form in which lipids are transported in the blood. Low density lipoprotein carries cholesterol from the liver to the tissues in the body. LDL cholesterol is therefore considered the "bad" cholesterol.

The use of nuclear magnetic resonance to produce images of the molecules that make up a substance, especially the soft tissues of the human body. MRI is used in medicine to diagnose disorders of body structures that do not show up well on x-rays.

An instrument used to identify chemicals in a substance by their mass and charge.

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart.

A heart problem in which the valve that separates the upper and lower chambers of the left side of the heart does not close properly.

Abnormal sounds heard by stethoscope when listening to the heartbeat cycle Ñ such as whooshing or swishing Ñ made by turbulent blood in or near the heart.

A drug that reduces pain and soreness associated with sprains, strains, or other types of muscle injury.

Any heritable change in DNA sequence.

Destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle.

Insufficient blood flow to part of the heart.

The muscle tissue of the heart.

A doctor who diagnoses and treats nervous system disorders. These conditions include muscle, spinal cord, nerve and brain diseases.

A diagnostic effort or treatment that does not require entering the body or puncturing the skin.

A nutritionist focuses on metabolic and physiological responses of the body to foods ingested and how it affects the health and well being of the person/patient.

A doctor who diagnoses, treats and/or corrects congenital or functional abnormalities of the bones with surgery, casting, and bracing. Orthopedists also treat injuries to the bones.

A condition where bone mineral density is lower than normal. It is considered by many doctors to be the precursor to osteoporosis.

A medical condition in which the bones become increasingly porous, brittle, and subject to fracture, owing to loss of calcium and other mineral components.

An otolaryngologist is frequently referenced as an ear, nose and throat surgeon (ENT). Otolaryngologists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the head and neck, especially those involving the ears, nose and throat.

An artificial device for stimulating the heart muscle and regulating its contractions.

A noticeably rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeat.

A doctor who specializes in pathology and chiefly practices in the laboratory as a consultant to clinical colleagues.

A family tree diagram that shows how a particular genetic trait or disease has been inherited.

The membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane.

Fluid that leaks into the tissues of the extremities causing swelling.

The physical characteristics of an organism or the presence of a disease that may or may not be genetic.

A condition in which a person experiences excessive sweating in the hand, feet and armpit area of the body even when the temperature is cool or when they are at rest.

A large molecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids in a specific order; the order is determined by the base sequence of nucleotides in the gene that codes for the protein. Proteins are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's cells, tissues, and organs; and each protein has unique functions. Examples are hormones, enzymes, and antibodies.

A group of drugs that reduce the secretion of gastric (stomach) acid. Commonly prescribed proton pump inhibitors include: lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec), rabeprazole (AcipHex), pantoprazole (Protonix), esomeprazole (Nexium)

A semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; prevents blood from flowing from the artery back into the heart.

A vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

A doctor who diagnoses and treats respiratory, airway, lung diseases

A device, usually attached to the earlobe or fingertip, that measures the oxygen saturation of arterial blood.

A doctor who diagnoses diseases through the interpretation of radiant substances and x-rays and diagnoses and treats diseases through the use of radiant substances.

Backward flow of blood caused by a defective heart valve.

Pertains to kidneys.

A congenital abnormality in the septum between the left and right sides of the heart.

A partition separating two chambers, such as that between the chambers of the heart.

Traits or diseases associated with the X or Y chromosome; generally seen in males.

A medical emergency in which the organs and tissues of the body are not receiving an adequate flow of blood. This deprives the organs and tissues of oxygen (carried in the blood) and allows the buildup of waste products. Shock can result in serious damage or even death.

A medication that lowers blood cholesterol levels by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. Some statin drugs such as Ciclosporin are ofte used to suppress the immune response of a transplanted organ. Common types of cholesterol-lowering drugs include statins, resins and nicotinic acid (niacin, gemfibrozil and clofibrate.

The abnormal narrowing of a passage in the body.