A doctor who diagnoses, treats and/or corrects congenital or functional abnormalities of the bones with surgery, casting, and bracing. Orthopedists also treat injuries to the bones.

A condition where bone mineral density is lower than normal. It is considered by many doctors to be the precursor to osteoporosis.

A medical condition in which the bones become increasingly porous, brittle, and subject to fracture, owing to loss of calcium and other mineral components.

An otolaryngologist is frequently referenced as an ear, nose and throat surgeon (ENT). Otolaryngologists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the head and neck, especially those involving the ears, nose and throat.